Abiotic factors are defined as?

• A. The living components of the environment such as plants and animals
• B. The non-living parts of the environment such as temperature and moisture
• C. The ecological interactions among organisms
• D. The geographic distribution of species

Answer: (B)

Abiotic factors are the non-living parts of the environment that influence living organisms. They include elements like temperature, moisture, light, wind, and soil conditions. These factors set the physical context in which organisms live and determine which species can survive, grow, or reproduce in a given area. The other choices describe living components, interactions among organisms, or patterns of species distribution, none of which define abiotic factors.