In what units are EPDs typically reported?

• A. In the same units as the trait being measured (e.g., pounds for weight).
• B. In percentage points.
• C. In kilograms per day.
• D. In liters per day.

Answer: (A)

EPDs are reported in the same units as the trait they predict. This means if you’re looking at a weight trait measured in pounds, the EPD is given in pounds. That direct unit alignment lets breeders interpret how much an offspring is expected to differ from the average, using the same measurement you observe in the animals. For example, a positive EPD for weaning weight indicates offspring are expected to weigh more than average by that number of pounds, under the same management. It’s not expressed as a percentage point or as a rate like kilograms per day or liters per day, since EPDs reflect a difference in trait value, not a rate or proportion.