Which of the following is NOT listed as normal behavior in cattle?

• A. Pushing
• B. Tail biting
• C. Ground pawing
• D. Charging

Answer: (B)

Understanding what counts as normal behavior in cattle helps you assess welfare. In many herds, pushing others is a common way calves and adults jockey for space at feeding or water, and to establish social order. Ground pawing is a typical exploratory or impatient behavior, often seen when cattle are curious about the ground surface, seeking feed, or waiting to graze. Charging can be part of social interaction or play, especially among calves or during competition for resources.

Tail biting, however, is not a normal behavior for cattle. It signals welfare concerns and is linked to stress, overcrowding, inadequate enrichment, nutritional issues, parasites, or handling problems. It can cause injuries and indicates the need to review the environment and management. If tail biting is observed, addressing housing density, enrichment, and health factors is important.